This week, producer Stephanie Foo tells a story about dating online that is unlike any we've ever heard before. The Facts Our theme song is by Breakmaster Cylinder. Our ad music is… Craigslist is the internet’s classifieds section, but it’s also one of its more shadowy corners, where the ads are anonymous and ephemeral. So we found ourselves wondering - what would… Blog In our latest episode, Favor Atender, we asked a question: You’re the one person in the country with the knowledge that in 24 hours, aliens will invade Earth. Your only… In the United States, the idea of having a conversation with the President is pretty outlandish. But in Latin America, it's a regular occurrence. The most accessible president on Latin… This week, we conclude Shulem Deen’s story. In part I, we heard how the internet led him on a path where he ended up being exiled from his community and…

'Purity' can be defined as an untainted and desirable object or reality. In art and art criticism, particularly during the time of Abstract Expressionism , the concept of 'purity' was applied to mean an unmixed medium or singular style. Some prominent examples of media purity in Abstract Expressionism include the paintings of Pollock, Hofmann, Newman and Rothko, whose works strived to create "pure" abstractions, void of context, figuration or definitive meaning. Breakdown of Basic Ideas Throughout the 1930s and 40s, New York artists experimented with increasingly abstract imagery. By removing any familiar or descriptive subject matter, the paint and canvas itself became the subject. Critic Clement Greenberg did not consider abstraction to be merely an artistic style, but an actual medium itself. By the early 1940s, Greenberg was promoting the work of artists such as Jackson Pollock and Hans Hofmann, championing their work as pure abstraction. According to Greenberg, if a painting depicts some form of narrative content or figurative form, then it is impure by the fact that two mediums have been combined, painting and literature. A work of complete abstraction is wholly pure because the canvas maintains its nature as a flat surface, and the paint maintains its nature by not representing anything other than paint. Origins in "Art for Art's Sake" Greek philosopher Plato spoke about the concepts of Truth, Beauty and Love as concrete and pure ideas that are unencumbered by outside forces. From this philosophy arose the idea of the autotelic (from the Greek autoteles ), which implied that a work of art is complete within itself, representing itself and existing purely as a work of art. This idea developed into the phrase, "Art for Art's Sake." Media Purity in Abstract Art Theorists such as Greenberg and Hofmann updated the idea of 'Art for Art's Sake' and applied it to Modern art, claiming that pure forms represent nothing other than the form itself, i.e. a square represents a square, a circle a circle, and so forth. As well, the flatness and planarity of the canvas will remain pure only if the artist respects its nature, and doesn't complicate it with figurative forms or rendering it a surface in which a three-dimensional perspective exists. A work of art is pure only by limiting itself to a single medium. By remaining within those limits, Greenberg argued, the medium of abstraction may explore a virtually limitless number of possibilities. Michael Fried and Minimalism In the 1960s, critic Michael Fried, originally a disciple of Greenberg, took a stand against the artistic style known as Minimalism, believing it to be an essentially impure medium. Fried's argument was that artists, such as Donald Judd and Dan Flavin, whom he called "literalists, " were intentionally creating non-art. This approach exaggerated the materiality of the works, focusing on an interactive experience for the viewer rather than the work itself. Therefore, what impedes a Minimalist work of art from being pure is its interaction with the spectator, thus rendering it a work of theater. This is what Fried refers to as "art and objecthood." When there exists no differentiation between the art and the object (two different media), as was Fried's claim with the literalist works of Judd and Flavin, then the work is not pure. Critics and Artists Who Defied Media Purity Harold Rosenberg did not take stand against ideas of media purity, nor did he offer much of an opinion on it either. Rosenberg's philosophy was concerned with what he called "Action Painting, " in which the creative and emotional actions of the artist produced the abstract image. In turn, Greenberg accused Rosenberg of ignoring the importance of an Abstract painting's form and complete lack of subject matter, thus disregarding the purity of abstraction. Thomas B. Hess, the editor of Art News , was clearly not bothered by issues of purity in Abstract art because he celebrated artists who worked in mixed media. One possible exception was Willem de Kooning , who worked solely with oil paints and canvases. However, since de Kooning often painted abstracted figures, as seen in Woman and other works, his paintings are what Greenberg would consider not entirely pure, as he combined painting and narrative. There were many artists working at this time who cared little for maintaining the purity of abstract forms in their work, but arguably no one more so than "Combine" artist, Robert Rauschenberg. By placing everyday objects such as blankets, glass and miscellaneous hardware onto his painted canvases, Rauschenberg's work achieved the antithesis of media purity.

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Brooke Gladstone is best known for the …pause…that Bob Garfield inserts before mentioning her name in the credits for On the Media. Among her other accomplishments, she was an NPR Moscow-based reporter, its first media reporter, senior editor of NPR’s All Things Considered, and the senior editor of Weekend Edition with Scott Simon. As the years progress, she grows ever more senior. She’s the recipient of two Peabody Awards, a National Press Club Award, an Overseas Press Club Award and many others you tend to collect if you hang out in public radio long enough. Just before coming to On the Media, she did some pilots for WNYC of a call-in show about human relationships with Dan Savage called A More Perfect Union. That was pretty cool. She also is the author of The Influencing Machine (W.W. Norton) and Library Journal, and among the “10 Masterpieces of Graphic Nonfiction” by The Atlantic. At WNYC’s 2012 Christmas party, backed by the fabulous Radio Flyers band, she sang “Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen, ” with her sisters Lisa and Stacey, thus fulfilling all her dreams. Brooke Gladstone appears in the following: As another disturbing video of police action goes viral, we provide a handbook for filming police encounters and bearing witness. The federal government has suffered one of the largest data breaches-or hacks-in its history. Cyber policy expert Robert Knake reminds us how to react. Brooke speaks with journalist Loren Ghiglione, who believes he might have found some answers about the future of journalism in the science fiction of the past. Most of us are familiar with Facebook or Apple products, but don't really understand the code that animates them. Programmer Paul Ford wants to change that. This week, the Supreme Court made its first ruling on a case about the nebulous world of violent online speech. Two newspapers have published databases attempting to count everyone killed by police in 2015. Brooke speaks to the reporters behind the investigations. Once called the "library provision, " Section 215 of the Patriot Act forced libraries to become headliners in the battle waged to protect American freedoms.

As publications compete for clicks on social media, far too many are congregating around the hackneyed way of writing tweets and headlines that relies heavily on over-promising - "You'll never guess" (you probably could), "You won't believe" (you almost certainly will), "the best thing you'll read today" (it won't be, I promise) - and under-delivering - "what happened next will blow your mind" (it never does). Once upon a time, simply not following a handful of publications was a guaranteed way to avoid such clickbait but now everybody seems to be at it (though there are some who manage to do it wrong as this effort from the Express shows): "Is it The Shawshank Redemption?" Speaking of doing it wrong, the crafting of such clickbait headlines and tweets tends to rely on a lot of assumptions about what we might already know, think, believe or even care about, such as "This video will change the way you think about cats...". Or they go so far as to tell us we've been doing something utterly mundane wrong our entire lives in the hope our nagging self-doubt and inherent insecurity about the way we peel an orange will be enough to make us click on a link: The word "this" has a key role to play in the clickbait lexicon. "This" is the shrugging, indifferent teenager of the English language, a word so opposed to being helpful it can turn almost any informative headline into lazy clickbait by simply swapping it in for the subject of the sentence. It has become shorthand for something or somebody you didn't know, or may not care about if you did, used to disguise the often unspectacular truth of a story just long enough to make us click. " this actor [who you've never heard of]..." "Remember when [thing you won't ever care about] happened..." "Can you believe [thing that's crushingly dull] just happened..." It's Barbados by the way. In between, we are invariably asked "Is this the funniest...", " the best... " or "the weirdest..." and everything seems to be "adorable", "funny" a "prank" or we're told it is "going viral" (in the hope it might). * ...as long as it's the only Scottish football Vine you'll ever seen. Let me just check my list of "most confused things Cheryl Cole has ever said". Where is it? I'm sure I put it down here somewhere... So taking an initiative from the Independent's John Rentoul and his banned list of words and phrases which have no place in good writing, I have started a 'Clickbait banned list'. If you're using one of the below then stop and ask yourself why. If it's because you want to over-promise and under-deliver, thus eroding the trust and respect of your readers, while insulting their intelligence and ensuring you become indistinguishable from everybody else overusing these lazy constructs, then carry on. But if that's not actually your long term goal then it's probably not too late to change.

(formerly Microsoft adCenter and MSN adCenter ) is a service that provides pay per click advertising on both the Bing and Yahoo! search engines. As of the fourth quarter 2013, Bing Ads has 15.6% market share in the United States. History [edit] Microsoft was the last of the "big three" search engines (which also includes Google and Yahoo!) to develop its own system for delivering pay per click (PPC) ads. Until the beginning of 2006, all of the ads displayed on the MSN Search engine were supplied by Overture (and later Yahoo!). MSN collected a portion of the ad revenue in return for displaying Yahoo!'s ads on its search engine. As search marketing grew, Microsoft began developing its own system, MSN adCenter, for selling PPC advertisements directly to advertisers. As the system was phased in, MSN Search (now Bing) showed Yahoo! and adCenter advertising in its search results. Microsoft effort to create AdCenter was led by Tarek Najm, then general manager of the MSN division of Microsoft. In June 2006, the contract between Yahoo! and Microsoft had expired and Microsoft was displaying only ads from adCenter until 2010. In November 2006 Microsoft acquired DeepMetrix, a company situated in Gatineau, Canada, that created web-analytics software. Microsoft has built new product AdCenter Analytics based on the acquired technology. In October, 2007 the Beta version of Microsoft Project Gatineau was released to a limited number of participants. In May 2007, Microsoft agreed to purchase the digital marketing solutions parent company, aQuantive, for roughly $6 billion. Microsoft later resold Atlas, a key piece of the aQuantive acquisition, to Facebook in 2013. Microsoft acquired ScreenTonic on May 3, 2007, and YaData on February 27, 2008 and merged their technologies into adCenter. On February 23, 2009, Publisher Leadership Council was created under the umbrella of Microsoft Advertising. The council was responsible to deliver the next-generation advertising platform for the publishers of digital media resulting in the formation of Microsoft pubCenter. In January 2010, Microsoft announced a deal in which it would take over the functional operation of Yahoo! Search, and set up a joint venture to sell advertising on both Yahoo! Search and Bing known as the Microsoft Search Alliance. A complete transition of all Yahoo! sponsored ad clients to Microsoft adCenter occurred in October 2010. On September 10, 2012, adCenter was renamed as , and the Search Alliance was renamed the Yahoo! Bing Network.

"Media scholars as well as the public frequently use the terms “mass communication” and “mass media”, but the meaning of these terms is often ambiguous. While it is assumed that everyone knows what these terms mean, the few scholars who attempt to define these terms struggle to capture the essence of their meaning without including elements that are faulty, and this task is becoming even more difficult in the new media environment. We are left with the troubling question: What are the “mass” media? This review constructs an answer to this question in a four step process. The first step features a critical analysis of the literature to identify definitional elements used by scholars. These definitional elements are subjected to four screens that evaluate their utility in a second step. The third step adds elements missing from the literature so as to make the eventual definition more useful in the new media environment. Finally, the fourth step features the construction of a working definition of “mass” media."

Gossip is a social behavior that will never fully cease for most people. It is often considered by sociologists to be necessary for survival, a useful social function in bonding group members together. However in our society it seems to have evolved out of a survival mechanism and into a pass-time. With shows such as “Gossip Girl” and popular celebrity-stalking blogs, it seems that more of our time is being spent discussing the lives of others. The obvious problem with modern day gossip is that time spent gossiping is taking away from productive and healthy activities. Gossip can involve negative thought processes, upsetting discoveries, and the expression of anger. Gossip becomes especially problematic when it is used to elevate your sense of self above that of another person. Statements such as “Can you believe he did that?”, “You are so much better than her” , “I’m right, he’s wrong” or “I know best, she should have listened to me” are all too common amongst even the closest of friends. Gossip can have a profound negative impact on relationships with friends, family and loved ones due to the devastation that can be felt when one finds out that confidentiality has been broken or that they themselves have been the subject of a conversation between others. The physical response to a negative thought, word or conversation is an immediate chemical reaction that manifests quicker than the effects of dangerous stimuli such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or eating bad food. In our article on Stress, we explain the undeniable mind-body connection and how negative emotions can cause a damaging chemical response in the body. Furthermore, the effects can be lingering; the aftermath of a night out binging on wings and beer might “pass” in 24-48 hours while a negative thought can manifest itself for decades. The immediate toxic effects of negative thoughts include stress responses and lost sleep which can eventually result in impaired immune function. Longer term, gossip can encourage a constant spiral of negative emotion, which can churn in both the conscious and subconscious mind, affecting future thought patterns and most problematic – behavior – for years to come.

Are you interested in economics, politics, law, or sociology? This track is designed for students who wish to pursue a liberal arts approach to the study of mass communication institutions, processes, effects, research methods, and analysis. Your studies can serve as preparation for a graduate degree, a law degree, or an MBA degree. Or this track can serve as a terminal degree for students who would like to work in communications-related industries in areas beyond professional message production. You can choose a program emphasis in areas such as history, law, media effects, media industry studies, international communications, or other aspects of mass communication studies represented in the SJMC. Mass communication is the study of communicating with the masses, but is also about storytelling with strategy and purpose. The study of mass communication is centered around how messages persuade and affect the behavior and opinion of the person or people receiving the content. The Mass Communication track helps students develop research methods and analysis skills that can be applied to a number of different fields, including law, academia, and the professional sector. Requirements Summary In addition to required coursework, every SJMC professional Journalism student should have familiarity with basic technology skills behind today’s media platforms, including blogging software, audio slideshows, and video. Instructors of basic reporting courses will encourage multiplatform storytelling through assignments, in-class instruction, and direction to outside resources. Students should discuss with faculty mentors the best way to acquire technological literacy.

Remember when people used to learn about things like upcoming events, the latest trends, and cool new products pretty much exclusively from magazines, newspapers, and TV shows? These publications and broadcasts are where brands used to get all their earned media. But with the advent of digital marketing and social media, earned media has evolved - and departments other than public relations, like marketing and customer support, now share a chunk of the responsibility. To make sure you're caught up on this "Web 2.0" version of an old-school term, let's dive into what earned media means today and how you can use it in your marketing. What Is Earned Media? Earned media is any publicity you haven't paid for that's owned and created by a third party. Earned media is now that customer tweet about "the best brunch EVER!" at a particular restaurant that got several retweets and favorites. It's also that horrible Yelp review. And it's that technology blogger's "Top 10 Apps of The Year" roundup that was viewed and shared by thousands. And it's still traditional media sources like magazines and newspapers, although those audiences have been steadily declining. What earned media isn't : Publicity you pay for or own. When a company pays a publication to write a glowing article about them, for example, that's not an example of paying for earned media - that's just paid media. And when you write a blog post for your company blog about your latest product release, that's not earned media - that's owned media. The distinctions are fairly clear between these camps, but they're important for any marketer to know. What Differentiates Earned Media From Paid and Owned Media? You may have heard of earned media as compared with paid media and owned media. Here's the difference between the three. Paid media refers to the advertising your company pays for. This includes paid social media (like Facebook ads and promoted tweets), paid influencers, pay-per-click (PPC), retargeting, affiliates, and native advertising. The lines between earned and paid media can blur at times. Take viral videos, for example. A video doesn't just go viral by accident - most of the time, there is a lot of careful planning involved to kick start the video's exposure with paid media, and at some point the paid media stops once earned media picks up. Owned media means the channels your brand controls, such as your website, mobile site, blog, email, and social channels. Lines often get blurred between earned and owned media as well. A blog post you write about original industry research, for example, could get picked up by other bloggers and media outlets. So while earned media isn't always a direct result of owned media, owned media can help you get more attention from third parties. The key to understanding the difference between the three is this: Unlike paid and owned media, earned media isn't controlled by brands, which makes it less biased and more trusted.